christopher columbus

                          CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

JUVENILITY:

                                                        

   

  

       " Genoa's Most Famous Explorer And the Museum of The Sea " -  Columbus

                           

                   Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who was stumbled upon the Americans and the man of convictions , was approximately known to be born before 31 October, 1451 in the territory of republic of Genova. His parents where Domenico Colombo , a wool weaver and Susanna Fontanarossa. At Columbus's young age, he worked as a helper in his father's shop . He had three brothers and one sister, namely : Giovanni Pellegrino, Giocomo , Bartholomew and Bianchinelta Columbus. His younger brother , Bartholomew was also an explorer and he also worked in cartography. Later , Bartholomew and Columbus were employed as a chart maker  but Columbus was principally sea going entrepreneur in Lisbon where he eventually studied Mathematics, Astronomy, Cartography and Navigation . In his school times , Columbus learned to draw maps and charts . He also learned the Pythagoras ideas about  the earth being flat. In 1479 , he married Filipa Moniz Perestrelo from a destitute portuguese family . He gave birth to Diego christopher in 1480 . After the death of Filipa in 1485 , Columbus unioned with Beatriz Enriquez de Arana . They had a son named as Fernando Christopher . 

 

" Life has more imagination , than we carry in our dreams " 

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VOYAGES :

   At the  end of the 15th century , it was nearly dubious to reach Asia from Europe by land . The route was long and arduous and encounters with hostile armies were difficult to avoid . Portuguese explorers solved this problem by taking to the sea . They sailed south along the west African coast and around the Cape of Good Hope . But Columbus had a different idea :

"Why not sail west across the Atlantic instead of around the massive  African continent ?"

    The young navigator's logic was sound , but his math was faulty . He believed that the journey by boat from Europe to Asia should be not only possible , but comparatively easy via as an-yet undiscovered Northwest Passage. He presented his plan to officials in Portugal and England , but it was not until 1492 that he found a sympathetic audience , the spanish monarchs : 

♦ Ferdinand of Aragon

♦ Isabella of Castile

      He wanted fame and fortune . He contracted with the Spanish ruler promised that he could keep 10 % of whatever riches he found , along with noble title . 

             " Riches don't make a man rich , they only make him busier "

 

      About Six months later , in September 1493 , he returned to Americas . He found the Hispaniola settlement destroyed and left his brothers Bartholomew and Diego behind to rebuilds with his crew members and many enslaved Congenital people . In May  1498 , Columbus sailed West across the Atlantic for the third time . He visited Trinidad and the south American mainland before returning to illfated Hispaniola settlement , where colonists had staged a bloody revolt against columbus brother's mismanagement and brutality . Meanwhile , columbus was arrested and returned to Spain in chains . In 1502 , he cleared of the most serious charges but stripped of his noble titles , the ageing columbus persuaded the spanish crown to pay for one last trip across the Atlantic . This time , he made it all the way to Panama - just miles from Pacific ocean where he had to abandon two of his tour ships after damage from storms and hostile natives . Empty handed , he returned to spain where he died in 1506 . Still , for the most part , the fourth voyage was a failure by almost any standard . Many of columbus's men died , his  ships were lost and no passage to the west was ever found . He never sailed again and when he died in 1506 , he was convinced that he'd found Asia - even if most of the Europe already accepted the fact that the Americas were an unknown "New World" . That said , the fourth voyage showcased more profoundly than any other colombus's sailing skills , his fortitude and his resilience - the very attributes that allowed him to journey to the America in the first place .  

 

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   " Goals are simply tools to focus ur energy in positive directions "

 

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Incredible facts:

• Mystery beyond his name :

          Being an protuberant historical person, his birth and name was still a enigma. There was a contention among the philosophers and scholars that he may also born in Spain, Greece, Poland. His name Christopher Columbus is from Latin. In Italian language his named is Cristoforo Colombo and in Spanish , Cristobal Colon. He expouse the name from a pirate named Columbo.

• Twofold boat's name :

            Some of the ships of Columbus were named as Nina , Pinta and Santa Maria. In Columbus time , it was the custom in Spain to name ships after saints and to call them by nicknames. La Nina  was likely a nickname for a ship called Santa Clara. The nickname is through to have come from the name of ship owner, Juan Nino. Santa Maria is a perfectly saint name for the third , which was also nicknamed La Gallega. The ships were small , between 15 -36 metres long only. Between them they carried about 90 men.

                           

• Four visits to new world :

              He sailed to ocean blue in 1492 , 1493 , 1498 and 1502 . He only explored some of the small regions of Caribbean in which, Bahamas , Jamaica and Cuba and some of the parts of central America. In 1492 , Columbus sailed the ocean blue . His destination was the East Indies , but he inadvertently docked on New World soil , going down in history as the famed explorer who discovered America .

  •   Columbus Day - a FARNIVAL  :

          Columbus Day is a US holiday that commemorates the landing of christopher columbus in Americas in 1492 . It was originally observed every October 12 , but was changed to 2nd Monday in October beginning in 1971 . the first Columbus dy celebration took place in 1792 , when New York 's columbian order - better known as Tammany Hall - held an event to commemorate historic landing 's 300th anniversary .

                        

                              

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CHRONOLOGY  :               

        1476         -  Surviving  a shipwreck off cape saint vincent at the southwestern part of Portugal 

            1477         -   Sailed to Iceland and Ireland

            1478         -    An agent for Genoese firm of centurioni in Madeira

          1482-1485  -    Trading along the Guinea and Gold coast of tropical West Africa

                                  Made a voyage to Portugese fortress of Sao Jorge da Mina

           1484         -    Seeked help from King John II for crossing Altantic crossing

           1486         -    Columbus asked support from  king Ferdinand and queen Isobella . 

 

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Massacre & Bequest :

      He died in Valladolid , spain on May 20 , 1506 , at the age of 54 . He had suffered through a long terminal illness that showed symptoms on his third voyage eight years before . According to his son Fernando , the cause of death was " Gout " - which was a catchall diagnosis causes joint pain . Upon his death , he was initially buried in a small cemetary in Valladolid . After , his body was moved to Seville when his eldest son and Diego died in 1526 , he was buried beside  his father.

 ‣  Christopher Columbus Beheaded Statue :

        The Christopher Columbus Statue in Boston's North End was beheaded overnight - the latest monument to be toppled or vandalized amid points over the death of George Floyd . The Columbus statue was beheaded once before , in 2006 and doused in red paint in 2015 , with  the words " Black Lives Matter " . 

                                       

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 Research Books : 

•  The " Mystery" Of Christopher Columbus

• Columbus : His enterprise : Exploding the Myth

• Misremembered voyage

• Columbus and the Quest for Jerusalem

• The life and Voyages of Christopher columbus

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"Following the light of sun , we left the old world".

"One does not discover new lands without consenting to lost sight of the shore for a very long time".