GEORGE STEPHENSON

 Early years :

       

' He was a pioneering railway engineer and inventor of the 'Rocket', the most famous early railway locomotive '

                    George Stephenson was born on June 9, 1781 at Wylam , Northumberland, England. His parents were Robert and Mabel Stephenson, both of the were illiterate. His father was an operator of Newcomen atmospheric steam Engine which is used to pump out coal from mine. George went for work with his father during his childhood. At the age of 18, he went to study night school, there he learned to read and write  arithmetic. In 1801, he worked as brakesman (controlling winding gear and pit) at Black Callerton Colliery , South of Ponteland.

                 In 1802, he married Frances and moved to Willington quay, East of Newscastle. He mended cloths and watches, made shoes for his addendum income.In 1803 , first child was born , he named him after his father and he worked as brakesman in Killing pit.In 1805, he had a second child but the child died after three weeks of birth. In 1806 , Francis died of tuberculosis. An elegant bond developed between George and his son Robert. When Robert was sent to school, his homework was done together by father and son , by this way George learned mathematics .

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Personal Life :

 Stephenson was involved in a number of romantic relationships before marrying Frances ( Fanny ) on November 28 , 1802 at Newburn Church . The couple blessed with two children , Robert and Fanny . Fanny died in infancy . Following the death of his wife Frances due to Tuberculosis , Stephenson remarried Betty Hindmarsh at Newburn on March 29 , 1820 . Betty passed away in 1845 . He married for the third time to Ellen Gregory , his housekeeper , on January 11 , 1848 , at St . John's Church in Shrewsbury , Shropshire . 

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Stream Locomotive :

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 Safety Lamp :

During his childhood , Stephenson went to work with his father so  he  was well aware of the dangers faced daily by the coal miners. In 1806 , there occured a blast at Killingworth  Colliery which causes death of workers in mines. In 1809 , again there was an accident in that mine. After that Stephenson started to develop Safety lamp.

Safety lamp, a lighting device which used most comfortably by the miners till the  invention of electric lamps. This  protect the miners  from flammable gases and dust.  Open flame light is used in mines which could ignite the flammable gases in the mines. This in turn cause explosion in mines so when safety lamp is placed ,this will enclose the flame and prevent the ignition of flammable gases into the atmosphere.

Locomotives :

In 1813 Stephenson became of aware of attempts by William Hedley and Timothy Hackworth at Wylam Colliery , to develop a locomotive . He successfully convinced hits colliery manager , Nicholas Wood , he allowed him to produce a steam powered machine . By 1814 he had constructed a locomotive that could pull thirty tons up a hill at 4 mph . Stephenson called his locomotive , the Blutcher , and like other machines made at this time , it had two vertical cylinders let into the boiler , from the pistons of which Ross drove the gears . The Blutcher was the first successful flanged - wheel adhesion locomotive . He continued to try and improve his locomotive and in 1815 he changed the design so that the connecting rods drove the wheels directly . 

Steam Railways:

The owners of the colliery were impressed with Stephenson's achievements and in 1819 he was given the task of building a eight mile railroad from Hetton to the River Wear at Sunderland . Steam railways had to be made , the first part was worked by locomotives, this was followed by fixed engines and cables. After the railway reached 250 , it was followed by another two miles of locomotive haulage. He used only fixed engines and locomotives and had therefore produced the first ever railway that was completely independent of animal power . On 19th April 1821 an Act of Parliament was passed that authorized a company owned by Edward Pearse  to build a horse railway . In 1821 John Birkinshaw, an engineer at Bedlington Ironworks, developed a new method of rolling wrought iron rails . In 1823 Edward Pease joined with Michael Longdridge, George Stephenson and his son Robert Stephenson  to form a company to make the locomotives. The Robert Stephenson & Company, at Forth Street, Newcastle-upon- Tyne  became the world's first locomotive builder . The Stockton & Darlington lie was opened on 27 th September , 1825 . Large crowds saw George Stephenson at the controls of the Locomotion as it pulled 36 wagons filled with sacks of coal and flour . 

Legacy & Trivia : 

 

 He died on August 12 , 1848 , due to Pleurisy . He was buried at Holy Trinity Church , Chesterfield . For his outstanding contribution in civil and Mechanical Engineering , he has been commemorated variedly . His birthplace home in Wylam has been converted into a historic house museum . He also has a railway museum in North shields by the name Stephenson Railway Museum . From 1990 until 2003 , his portrait appeared on the reverse of E £5 notes series issued by the Bank of England . In 2002 , he was named in the BBC's list of 100 Greatest Britons . John Graham Lough's 1862 bronze and grit - stone memorial , which stands near Newcastle's Central Station at the Neville Road Junction , is one of this sculptor's finest works . 

❌  Credited with building the World's first public inter - city railway , Stephenson , Popolarly known as the Father Of Railways 

 

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